Wind turbine impacts on HF radar ocean surface measurements in Liverpool Bay

This thesis presents results from a series of comparisons between buoy
and Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler measurements with the HF radar
deployed in Liverpool Bay. They emphasise how current, wind and
wave measurements are affected by the presence of the wind farms.
The characterisation of the wind turbine interference is assessed and
the radar cross section estimated. The modulation frequency within
the Doppler spectra is identified. An attempt to mitigate interference
effects of the wind farm on the HF radar current and wave measurements
is explored and recommendations for dealing with wind turbine
interference in a HF radar footprint are made.