Dynamic Charge Characteristics of High Carbon Lead Acid Batteries in Electric Vehicle Traction Applications

The work presented in this thesis was completed with the aim of providing a complete picture of the dynamic charge acceptance (DCA) behaviour of lead-acid (PbA) batteries of different carbon additive technologies. It was inspired by the growth in the electric vehicle (EVs) market due to the increasing need for clean energy and the fact that, despite advancements in their technology, EVs still remain expensive due to the cost of the battery. Considering their inexpensive manufacturing costs, as well as material cost, the advancement of automotive PbA batteries for EV use is an area of high interest. The recent development of PbA batteries with carbon additives makes them a reasonable battery choice in the future for EVs, due to their continuous improvements in charge acceptance and battery life.