Quality of life of children with autism from a family’s perspective during the Covid – 19 pandemic: A comparative case study

This research explores the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the quality of life (QoL) of families with children diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). The study specifically aims to explore how the pandemic impacted the psychological, social, physical, and academic domains of QoL for both families and their children with autism. A qualitative descriptive approach was employed, with data collected through online focus groups and one-on-one interviews, with 10 families from the United Kingdom, Kuwait and Saudi Arabia, providing an in-depth view of participants’ lived experiences. The data analysis involved both intra-case and cross-case analysis, using Braun and Clarke’s thematic analysis approach. The results demonstrated significant disruptions to daily routines, which lead to increased aggressive behaviours and adaptation challenges for children with ASD. Social isolation, exacerbated by social distancing restrictions, heightened feelings of loneliness and emotional distress in both children and parents. Parents faced considerable stress balancing caregiving and work during lockdowns. Despite these challenges, the research also demonstrated a notable resilience among families, who, despite difficulties, strengthened their bonds and discovered positive aspects in their situations. Intra-case analysis provided deep insights into individual family experiences, while cross-case analysis highlighted commonalities and differences across families, offering a nuanced understanding of the pandemic’s impact. This research highlights the necessity of a holistic and personalised approach to supporting families of children with ASD during crises, providing valuable insights for improving psychosocial support in similar future events.