An Authenticity-Oriented Framework for the Conservation of Kelantan Traditional Malay Houses (KTMH-AoCF)

Traditional Malay houses (TMH) in Kelantan represent a significant aspect of Malaysia’s architectural and cultural heritage. However, rapid modernisation, urban expansion, and shifting socio-economic conditions have led to alterations that compromise their authenticity. This research investigates the evolution of TMH, focusing on how changes in materials, spatial configurations, and conservation approaches impact their authenticity and heritage value. The study seeks to address the central question: How can the authenticity of Kelantan Traditional Malay Houses be effectively preserved within contemporary conservation practices?

This study uses a qualitative methodology to integrate historical analysis, empirical fieldwork measured drawing reviews, and semi-structured interviews with homeowners, conservation experts, and heritage practitioners. Site observations document physical transformations in KTMH, while legislative and policy analyses assess the effectiveness of existing conservation frameworks. The study also draws upon international and national conservation guidelines to contextualise authenticity-oriented conservation strategies.
Findings indicate that KTMH has undergone consistent and inconsistent changes over time. A key challenge is balancing the need for adaptation with preserving authenticity, as many interventions prioritise convenience over cultural continuity. Additionally, current conservation policies exhibit gaps in addressing the specific needs of vernacular timber structures, leading to inconsistent conservation practices.

This study culminates in developing an Authenticity-Oriented Framework for the Conservation of Kelantan Traditional Malay Houses (KTMH-AoCF), offering a structured approach to maintaining authenticity while accommodating necessary modifications. The framework emphasises context-driven conservation, continuity in traditional craftsmanship, adaptive reuse, and community participation to ensure the sustainable preservation of KTMH and comprises six key components of Authenticity: (a) Form and Design, (b) Materials and Substance, (c) Use and Function, (d) Traditions, Techniques, and Management Systems, (e) Location and Setting, and (f) Spirit and Feeling. This research contributes to heritage conservation discourse by redefining authenticity as a dynamic and adaptable concept rather than a static ideal. It advocates for culturally responsive conservation strategies that respect tangible and intangible heritage values, ensuring the survival of KTMH as a living architectural legacy for future generations.