Decoding television news.

The thesis attempts to develop the field of audience research,
by adapting recently developed theoretical approaches to an empirical
study of the television audience.
The thesis begins by examining two general theoretical areas
that provide a framework for the research - semiology and theories of
ideology. The work of Louis Aithusser is analysed in a movement towards
a semiological theory of ideology.
The thesis then examines work on the media that has developed
out of this broad tradition - notably cultural studies, textual analysis,
discourse analysis and the semiotics of film and T. V. Detailed attention
is paid to the theory of encoding and decoding, and, in particular, the
work of David Morley. The objective of this examination is to set up
the encoding/decoding model within a semiological framework for use in
practical research on the T. V. audience.
The audience research itself is based upon an exhaustive analysis
of fifty in-depth interviews with viewers following a screening of a
pre-recorded News at Ten. The aim of the research was not to investigate
the views of the fifty decoders, but to establish how and why readings of
television programmes are constructed - the process of decoding.
The research is presented in three stages. The readings of one
item (about British Leyland) are scrutinised in order to establish an
appropriate set of variables for understanding the decoding process. These
variables are then used to systematically analyse the readings of another
single item (about troubles in the West Bank). The points raised during
this analysis are then developed in relation to readings of the whole
programme.
The research reveals a number of problems in the form and character
of television news. The thesis therefore ends with a set of recommendations
for overcoming these problems.