This thesis describes a new method for localising anthropometric landmark points on 3D face scans. The points are localised by fitting a sparse shape model to a set of candidate landmarks. The candidates are found using a feature detector that is designed using a data driven methodology, this approach also informs the choice of landmarks for the shape model. The fitting procedure is developed to be robust to missing landmark data and spurious candidates.
The feature detector and landmark choice is determined by the performance of different local surface descriptions on the face. A number of criteria are defined for a good landmark point and good feature detector. These inform a framework for measuring the performance of various surface descriptions and the choice of parameter values in the surface description generation. Two types of surface description are tested: curvature and spin images. These descriptions, in many ways, represent many aspects of the two most common approaches to local surface description.
Using the data driven design process for surface description and landmark choice, a feature detector is developed using spin images. As spin images are a rich surface description, we are able to perform detection and candidate landmark labelling in a single step. A feature detector is developed based on linear discriminant analysis (LDA). This is compared to a simpler detector used in the landmark and surface description selection process.
A sparse shape model is constructed using ground truth landmark data. This sparse shape model contains only the landmark point locations and relative positional variation. To localise landmarks, this model is fitted to the candidate landmarks using a RANSAC style algorithm and a novel model fitting algorithm. The results of landmark localisation show that the shape model approach is beneficial over template alignment approaches. Even with heavily contaminated candidate data, we are able to achieve good localisation for most landmarks.
