In Indonesia, many motorcycle crashes involve senior high school students. Despite being the most impacted group, there remains a significant gap in understanding their motorcycle riding behaviour in relation to traffic offences and crashes. Addressing this research gap is essential to develop appropriate road safety interventions specific to Indonesian students’ needs. This thesis aims to develop effective road safety interventions tailored to student riders that can help them engage less with unsafe riding behaviours. To achieve this, a mixed-method approach was employed. The research examined a) young Indonesian unsafe motorcycle riding behaviours, b) underlying reasons behind young riders’ engagement in unsafe riding behaviours, c) potential road safety interventions targeted at young riders, and d) the effectiveness of tailored road safety interventions. Phase 1 identified five categories of riding behaviours that Indonesian senior high school students engaged in: speed, (voluntary use of) safety equipment, errors, traffic violation, and unsociable riding. Results also highlighted that speed, errors, and unsociable riding are the major predictors of crash involvement among Indonesian students. The riding behaviours identified in Phase 1 informed the study in Phase 2. Phase 2 revealed several underlying reasons why students engage in three identified unsafe behaviours (speed, errors, and unsociable riding) and identified strategies for addressing their risky riding behaviours, so that the intervention in Phase 3 could be designed appropriately. Considering the culture, environment, and possible challenges associated with the identified interventions, road safety education was chosen to be studied for phase 3. Phase 3 found that tailored road safety education interventions have potential to improve road safety of Indonesian students. Specifically, both classroom and poster-based approaches were found to give positive change in psychological determinants toward safer behaviour with the poster-led approach resulting in positive change in self-reported speeding behaviour after one month. A combination of both methods may lead to more effective results, with the classroom education shaping attitudes and intentions, followed by posters to give repeated exposure. Altogether, the combined findings of these three phases contribute to a better understanding of young Indonesian riders’ behaviour. Moreover, it provides a significant policy and practical implication, particularly in Low- and Middle-Income Countries, where financial and human resource constraints often exist when implementing interventions.
