An Investigation into Understandings of Gender Identity Claims and the Implications of Their Acceptance for Egalitarian Principles

This thesis critically examines the concept of gender identity, particularly focusing on the implications of its acceptance for egalitarian principles. Through a thorough analysis of historical, medical, and philosophical paradigms, it interrogates the coherence and viability of gender identity claims. The research explores two predominant paradigms: the Inherent Gender Identity Paradigm (IGIP), which posits gender identity as an intrinsic facet of the human condition, likely biologically ingrained, with the capacity to develop a gender identity being inherent in humans, and the Social Expectation Gender Identity Paradigm (SEGIP), which views gender identity as a product of societal roles and expectations, holding that in the absence of gendered norms governing different roles and expectations on the sexes, gender identities would be unlikely to develop. The thesis employs Ian Hacking's framework of historical ontology to trace the evolution of transgenderism, from early medical classifications of transvestism to contemporary understandings framed within gender dysphoria and gender incongruence.
Furthermore, the thesis scrutinises the transgender movement, its development, and its interaction with dissidents, emphasising the tensions between identity claims and egalitarianism. The thesis also explores the broader ethical and societal consequences of accepting gender identity claims, particularly in the contexts of competitive sports, criminal justice, and healthcare. By comparing transgender identity with other identity claims, such as transracialism and transableism, the research highlights inconsistencies in societal and philosophical responses to these identities.
Ultimately, the thesis argues that while gender identity claims may align with current societal values, they often challenge the foundational principles of egalitarianism. As such, the thesis is supportive of a reassessment of current approaches to gender identity, emphasising the necessity of an evidence-based, nuanced perspective that acknowledges the complexity of human experience without sacrificing scientific rigour or social justice. It underscores the importance of intellectual honesty, critical thinking, and open dialogue in navigating the complex terrain of gender identity, advocating for a more just and equitable society for all, regardless of sex or gender identity.