Energy geography of Nigeria: governance, power and social exclusion

This study investigates regional disparities in electricity access and supply within Nigeria and proposes evidence-based policy recommendations for equitable and sustainable provision. The research identifies inadequate and unequal electricity distribution as significant obstacles to Nigeria's socioeconomic development. Drawing on Historical Institutionalism, Political Economy, Regional Development and Energy Justice theories, the study explores economic, political, spatial, and socio-cultural factors contributing to these disparities across Nigeria’s geopolitical zones. Employing a qualitative approach the data collected from semi-structured interviews with energy stakeholders and community members in the North-West, South-South, and South-West regions reveal that historical neglect, poor governance, and inadequate infrastructure investments are key drivers of unequal electricity distribution.
The findings indicate that the South-West region experiences significantly better access due to strategic infrastructure investments, while the North-West faces persistent shortfalls due to historical underdevelopment and policy neglect. Notably, regional political interests and geographical challenges further exacerbate these disparities, impacting the quality of life and economic opportunities. Based on these insights, the study recommends targeted policy interventions to enhance infrastructure in underserved regions, foster inclusive development, and support sustainable energy futures across Nigeria. The recommendations will guide policymakers, researchers, energy providers, and other stakeholders in developing strategies to enhance more equitable energy access.