Energy [in]Justice in México. An analysis of wind and solar energy projects in Yucatán

Systems for the generation, distribution and consumption of energy are subject to
technological and institutional change. This is considered imperative, (1) to
ameliorate climate change impacts by reducing CO2 emissions from the current
fossil fuel-based energy system and (2) to anticipate the foreseen depletion
of natural resources and growing energy demands. Historically, the benefits and burdens of energy systems are distributed unevenly. Most research on wind and solar energy focuses on the potential to address issues of ecological
degradation and ameliorate the impacts of climate change. However, as this thesis will show, there are structural problems associated with wind and solar energy
development and deployment tied to centuries-old patterns. This thesis focuses on
the impacts of wind and solar developments on local communities in Yucatán,
México. It utilises the energy justice framework as an analytical tool to examine how the rapid approval and development of renewable energy—predominantly located on indigenous land—might drive the procedural, distribution and recognition of injustices in Yucatán. In doing so, this research uses qualitative methods that combine semi-structured interviews and participatory and non-participatory observation. This enables an understanding of how energy policies overlook the impacts of renewable energy developments on host communities. The research provides insights into how a just energy transition could be shaped – one that is informed by current needs and considers the preferences and livelihood characteristics of the inhabitants of Yucatán.