synthetic aperture imaging of B-X-O mode conversion

The conversion of thermally-born electrostatic waves in tokamak plasmas has the potential to be a powerful diagnostic for tokamak edge physics. Analytic theory and full wave modelling both conclude that analysis of emission in the microwave region carries with it information on the magnetic field in spatially localised areas which depend on density and frequency. Knowing these quantities and the 3D (2D + frequency) microwave emission pattern, it is in theory possible to calculate the current density which is vital to the understanding of the plasma pedestal. Motivated by a pilot experiment carried out on the Mega Ampere Spherical Tokamak (MAST), a novel microwave imaging device has been developed to obtain the first images of mode conversion in a Tokamak and to prove the principle of the synthetic aperture imaging technique on Tokamak devices. Here the design and calibration of the Synthetic Aperture Microwave Imaging (SAMI) radiometer is described, as well as the presentation and comparison of some of the first images of mode conversion with full wave simulations.