High-risk cities worldwide face problems regarding increases in vulnerability to natural disaster combined with urban-transport problems. Up till now, there has been no study that was specifically concerned with these two issues simultaneously regarding how these cities should define their sustainability concept and formulate their land use and transport strategies in the framework of sustainable development.
This study presents an approach for integrating concepts for disaster mitigation strategies into the land-use transport interaction (LUTI) plan by combining the disaster mitigation strategies with the conventional land use and transport strategies in the framework of urban risk reduction and urban transport sustainability. There were 18 combined alternative policy measures selected, which were classified into three different land use strategies and five alternative different transport policy measures. The land use strategies consist of (A) accommodation (BAU), (B) planned-retreat with strict zoning, and (C) planned-retreat with pricing policy. The alternative transport policy measures consist of (1) Bus rapid transit (BRT), (2) parking charge, (3) cut fuel subsidy, (4) combination of BRT and parking, and (5) combination of BRT, parking and cut subsidy This innovative approach is the first original contribution of this research.
MARS LUTI model was modified by adding disaster risk factor in its sub land use of model, which become as the second original contribution of this research. In the level of strategies evaluation, all of the strategies tested were measured using four indicators, which consist of (1) vulnerability, (2) environment, (3) economic and (4) efficiency indicators. The additional of vulnerability indicator the framework of urban transport sustainability is the third original contribution of this research.
The main finding for the case study are as follows : (1) the application of the two land use policy measures (strict zoning and pricing) gave significant contribution in reducing city vulnerability to potential tsunami disaster in the future, which could be applied to promote the concept of urban risk reduction. (2) The combination of “push and pull transport strategies” application through the combined BRT, parking and cut subsidy produced the best performance compared to the others alternative policy measures selected. The push and pull transport strategy succeed to direct the evolution of urban transport condition in the framework of urban transport sustainability in order to reach the sustainability objectives.
