Antimicrobial Resistance at the community level; Using Participatory Video methods to explore behaviours that drive AMR.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the current leading causes of death globally (Murray et al., 2022). In 2019 AMR was associated with 4.95 million deaths, of which 1.27 million were directly attributable to AMR (Murray et al., 2022). While AMR is a global concern, its impacts are most acute across lower-middle income countries (Murray et al., 2022; Singer et al., 2016) where lower levels of health resources impact levels of sanitation, access to healthcare and clean water (Alvarez-Uria et al., 2016; Holmes et al., 2016). Although AMR is a naturally occurring process (WHO, 2018a) it has accelerated in recent years largely due to misuse and overuse of antimicrobial substances such as antibiotics (WHO, 2015b; WHO, 2018e). This overuse is considered a behavioural driver of AMR. In order to address these behavioural drivers of AMR, we must first understand their origin and causes. This thesis will contribute to the literature on AMR by utilising community engagement (CE) methods is AMR research. This thesis looks at gendered and One Health perspectives of AMR drivers through CE methods and advances our thinking of participatory video methodology in health research through a review and development of an interdisciplinary evaluation framework. Analysis chapters develop evaluation tools for PV in health research as well as identify intersectional drivers of AMR at the community level. This thesis also highlights a need for integrated evaluations that equally value outcomes from arts and health perspectives. This thesis will explore the use of Participatory Video (PV) in AMR research and collate a set of recommendations and tools for future research projects. This work advances our thinking on the use of PV in health research and highlights the need for and potential value of interdisciplinary evaluation of PV in health projects.