Wind turbine impacts on HF radar ocean surface measurements in Liverpool Bay

This thesis presents results from a series of comparisons between buoy and Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler measurements with the HF radar deployed in Liverpool Bay. They emphasise how current, wind and wave measurements are affected by the presence of the wind farms. The characterisation of the wind turbine interference is assessed and the radar cross section estimated. The modulation frequency within the Doppler spectra is identified. An attempt to mitigate interference effects of the wind farm on the HF radar current and wave measurements is explored and recommendations for dealing with wind turbine interference in a HF radar footprint are made.