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has_indication
Arguments
A has_indication relationship associates a intervention, drug or investigation to a condition that indicated the need for that entity.
Entities do not have to have relationships
Interventions, investigations and drugs are not required to take part in a has_indication relationship: some will have no condition specified.
- For example,
- "Drugs on discharge: co-danthramer 10mls bd; Milpar 10-20mls bd ..."
- Neither "co-danthramer" nor "Milpar" have an indication specified in this discharge summary.
- If the whole discharge summary were read by a knowledgeable reader, indications could probably be inferred, but if they are not explicitly stated in the text, they will not be annotated.
Inferring relations with clinical knowledge
Indications that require clinical knowlege will be annotated.
- For example,
- "Ibuprofen was prescribed for her pain."
- There is an explicit association between "ibuprofen" and "pain"
- A has_indication annotation will be created, relating "ibuprofen" and "pain".
- For example,
- "He is in pain. Ibuprofen was prescribed."
- Domain knowledge is required to infer that the prescription of "ibuprofen" and the "pain" are probably related, and not just coincidentally in adjacent sentences.
- A has_indication relation will be annotated.
has_indication and multiple conditions
An intervention or drug may have several indications. One has_indication relationship will be created for each condition.
- For example,
- "Dihydrocodeine and paracetamol were prescribed for the pain"
- A has_indication relationship will be created associating "pain" with "dihydrocodeine"
- A second has_indication relationship will be created associating "pain" with "paracetamol"
Investigations and has_indication
Investigations will not generally have an explicitly stated has_indication relationship. Occasionally, however, the indication for an investigation is stated in the text. Often, these are stated as prepositional phrases.
- For example,
- "histology of the lung tumour showed..."
- "histology" should be marked as an investigation with has_indication "tumour".
- "Prostate cancer with normal PSA"
* "PSA" should be marked as an investigation entity, with has_indication "cancer"